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Slide 19:
In March, 1979, J. Thomas Underleider and David K. Wellisch reported in the American Journal of Psychiatry that they had taken up the issue of "coercive persuasion (brainwashing)" and "deprogramming" in the religious cults because deprogramming had raised "intriguing and disturbing questions for the medical, and legal and mental health professions." They again cite the eight elements of brainwashing, summarizing Lifton's earlier description.
- Deprogramming, according to Underleider and Wellisch, uses methods ranging from "gentle rap" sessions to sleep deprivation and sensory overload, with marathon-type encounters that feature shouting, repetitious derogation of the cult, isolation of the person from his associates . . . and, occasionally, use of physical force" (279). The methods seem to be strikingly like brainwashing.
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Slides 31 and 32
Verbs to Introduce Quotations
acknowledges
adds
admits
agrees
argues
asserts
believes
claims
comments
compares
confirms
contends
declares
denies
disputes
emphasizes
endorses
grants
illustrates
implies
insists
observes
notes
points out
reasons
refutes
rejects
reports
responds
suggests
thinks
writes
The words in the following list are not interchangeable: each will put a quotation in a slightly different light. The list is not exhaustive.
- Acknowledged, added, admitted, advised, advocated, affirmed, agreed, alleged, announced, answered, argued, articulated, asked, assented, asserted, assured, attested.
Begged, boasted, Called, charged, claimed, commanded, commented, conceded, concluded, concurred, confessed, contended, continued, contradicted, counseled, countered, debated, decided, declared, demanded, denied, denounced, described, dictated, directed, disclosed, elaborated, enjoined, entreated, exclaimed, exhorted, explained.
Granted, Held, hesitated, hinted, Imparted, indicated, inferred, inquired, insinuated, insisted, intimated, Lamented, lectured, lied, Maintained, mentioned, noted, objected, observed, ordered, pleaded, pointed out, preached, proclaimed, pronounced, protested, proved, queried, questioned, quibbled, quoted, reasoned, recited, recognized, recounted, refuted, regretted, reiterated, rejoined, related, remarked, reminded, repeated, replied, reported, requested, responded, revealed, ruled, stated, stipulated, suggested, supposed.
Talked, testified, thought, told, translated, urged, uttered, vowed, warned.
Slide 55
X states that . . .
- X claims that . . .
- X asserts that . . .
- X agrees that . . .
- X strongly argues . . .
- X comments that . . .
- X suggests that . . .
- X comments that . . .
- X says that . . .
- X observes that . . .
- X takes the view that . . .
- X contends that . . .
- X believes that . . .
- X proposes that . . .
- X concludes that . . .
- X maintains that . . .
- X concedes that . . .
- X notes that . . .
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